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class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/38860.html" title="Netty之Unpooled类和ByteBuf对象">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img/wallhaven-nekg9l.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Netty之Unpooled类和ByteBuf对象"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/38860.html" title="Netty之Unpooled类和ByteBuf对象">Netty之Unpooled类和ByteBuf对象</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-13T01:48:03.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-13 09:48:03">2020-11-13</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/38860.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/38860.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">Unpooled类Netty 提供一个专门用来操作缓冲区(即Netty的数据容器)的工具类
常用方法如下所示

public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer(CharSequence string, Charset charset)通过给定的数据和字符编码返回一个 ByteBuf 对象（类似于 NIO 中的 ByteBuffer 但有区别）
public static ByteBuf buffer(int initialCapacity)获取指定容量的ByteBuf对象

ByteBufByteBuf是一个byte存放的缓冲区。
ByteBuf通过两个位置的指针来协助缓冲区的读写操作，读操作使用readIndex，写操作使用writeIndex。


discardable bytes 丢弃的读空间

readable bytes 可读空间

writeable bytes 可写空间




创建对象，该对象包含一个数组arr , 是一个byte[10]
在netty 的buffer中，不需要使用flip 进行反转 。底层维护了 readerIndex 和 wr ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/31731.html" title="Netty核心模块组件">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img/博客封面5.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Netty核心模块组件"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/31731.html" title="Netty核心模块组件">Netty核心模块组件</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-09T08:27:35.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-09 16:27:35">2020-11-09</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/31731.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/31731.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">Bootstrap ServerBootstrapBootstrap 意思是引导，一个 Netty 应用通常由一个 Bootstrap 开始，主要作用是配置整个 Netty 程序，串联各个组件，Netty 中Bootstrap类是客户端程序的启动引导类。ServerBootstrap是服务端启动引导类
常见的方法有

public ServerBootstrap group(EventLoopGroup parentGroup, EventLoopGroupchildGroup)，该方法用于服务器端，用来设置两个 EventLoop
public B group(EventLoopGroup group)，该方法用于客户端，用来设置一个 EventLoop
public B channel(Class&lt;? extends C&gt; channelClass)，该方法用来设置一个服务器端的通道实现
public &lt;T&gt; B option(ChannelOption&lt;T&gt; option, T value)，用来给 ServerChannel 添加配置
pub ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/4114.html" title="Nett之Http服务实例">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img/博客封面2.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Nett之Http服务实例"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/4114.html" title="Nett之Http服务实例">Nett之Http服务实例</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-09T01:09:46.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-09 09:09:46">2020-11-09</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/4114.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/4114.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">快速入门实例-HTTP 服务实例要求:使用IDEA创建Netty项目
Netty 服务器在 6668 端口监听，浏览器发出请求 “http://localhost:6668/ “
服务器可以回复消息给客户端 “Hello! 我是服务器 5 “ , 并对特定请求资源进行过滤.
目的:Netty可以做Http服务开发，并且理解Handler实例和客户端及其请求的关系.

这次，我们将把这个类抽取出来，单独创建。而不是继续使用匿名类的方式。


123456789101112131415161718192021public class TestServer &#123;    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException &#123;        NioEventLoopGroup boosGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);        NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(8);        tr ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/31212.html" title="Netty异步模型">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img/wallhaven-49m1ek.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Netty异步模型"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/31212.html" title="Netty异步模型">Netty异步模型</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-08T13:33:51.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-08 21:33:51">2020-11-08</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/31212.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/31212.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">基本介绍异步的概念和同步相对。当一个异步过程调用发出后，调用者不能立刻得到结果。实际处理这个调用的组件在 完成后，通过状态、通知和回调来通知调用者。
Netty 中的 I/O 操作是异步的，包括 Bind、Write、Connect 等操作会简单的返回一个 ChannelFuture。
调用者并不能立刻获得结果，而是通过 Future-Listener 机制，用户可以方便的主动获取或者通过通知机制获得IO 操作结果。
 Netty 的异步模型是建立在 future 和 callback 的之上的。callback 就是回调。重点说 Future，它的核心思想是:假设一个方法 fun，计算过程可能非常耗时，等待 fun 返回显然不合适。那么可以在调用 fun 的时候，立马返回一个 Future，后续可以通过 Future 去监控方法 fun 的处理过程(即 : Future-Listener 机制)
Future 说明表示异步的执行结果, 可以通过它提供的方法来检测执行是否完成，比如检索计算等等.
ChannelFuture 是一个接口 : public interface Channe ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/65222.html" title="Netty任务队列TaskQueue">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img20201121170457.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Netty任务队列TaskQueue"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/65222.html" title="Netty任务队列TaskQueue">Netty任务队列TaskQueue</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-08T12:00:11.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-08 20:00:11">2020-11-08</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/65222.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/65222.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">使用场景任务队列中的 Task 有 3 种典型使用场景

用户程序自定义的普通任务 [举例说明]
用户自定义定时任务
非当前 Reactor 线程调用 Channel 的各种方法

比如这里我们有一个非常耗时长的业务,需要10秒钟才能执行完成。

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445/** * 1.我们自定义一个Handler需要继承netty规定好对某个HandlerAdapter(规范) * 2.这时我们自定义一个Handler，才能称为一个handler */public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter &#123;    //读取数据实际（这里我们可以读取客户端发送的消息）    //1.ChannelHandlerContext ctx : 上下文对象，含有管道pipeline,通道channel，地址    //2.Object msg: 就是客户端发送的数据 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/15559.html" title="Netty入门案例及分析">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/images/20200423185528.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Netty入门案例及分析"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/15559.html" title="Netty入门案例及分析">Netty入门案例及分析</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-08T09:32:33.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-08 17:32:33">2020-11-08</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/15559.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/15559.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">Netty快速入门实例 TCP 服务Netty 服务器在 6668 端口监听，客户端能发送消息给服务器 “hello, 服务器~”
服务器可以回复消息给客户端 “hello, 客户端~”
首先导入依赖
12345&lt;dependency&gt;    &lt;groupId&gt;io.netty&lt;/groupId&gt;    &lt;artifactId&gt;netty-all&lt;/artifactId&gt;    &lt;version&gt;4.1.53.Final&lt;/version&gt;&lt;/dependency&gt;

服务端
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738public class NettyServer &#123;    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException &#123;        //创建BoosGroup和WorkerGroup    ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/35557.html" title="Netty高性能架构设计">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img/博客封面5.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Netty高性能架构设计"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/35557.html" title="Netty高性能架构设计">Netty高性能架构设计</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-08T02:07:58.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-08 10:07:58">2020-11-08</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/35557.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/35557.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">线程模型基本介绍不同的线程模式，对程序的性能有很大影响，为了搞清Netty线程模式，我们来系统的讲解下各个线程模式，最后看看 Netty 线程模型有什么优越性.
目前存在的线程模型有: 

传统阻塞 I/O 服务模型 
Reactor 模式

根据 Reactor 的数量和处理资源池线程的数量不同，有 3 种典型的实现

单 Reactor 单线程
单 Reactor 多线程
主从 Reactor 多线程

Netty 线程模式(Netty 主要基于主从 Reactor 多线程模型做了一定的改进，其中主从 Reactor 多线程模型有多个 Reactor)
传统阻塞 I/O 服务模型 黄色的框表示对象，蓝色的框表示线程。白色的框表示方法(API)

模型特点
采用阻塞IO模式获取输入的数据

每个连接都需要独立的线程完成数据的输入，业务处理,数据返回


问题分析
当并发数很大，就会创建大量的线程，占用很大系统资源 。
连接创建后，如果当前线程暂时没有数据可读，该线程会阻塞在read操作，造成线程资源浪费。

Reactor模式Reactor 对应的叫法: 1. 反应器模式 2. 分发 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/16908.html" title="Netty概述">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img/wallhaven-2k8wlg.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Netty概述"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/16908.html" title="Netty概述">Netty概述</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-08T01:54:17.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-08 09:54:17">2020-11-08</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Netty/">Netty</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/16908.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/16908.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">原生NIO存在的问题NIO 的类库和 API 繁杂，使用麻烦:需要熟练掌握 Selector、ServerSocketChannel、SocketChannel、ByteBuffer 等。
需要具备其他的额外技能:要熟悉 Java 多线程编程，因为 NIO 编程涉及到 Reactor 模式，你必须对多线程和网络编程非常熟悉，才能编写出高质量的 NIO 程序。
开发工作量和难度都非常大:例如客户端面临断连重连、网络闪断、半包读写、失败缓存、网络拥塞和异常流 的处理等等。
JDK NIO 的 Bug:例如臭名昭著的 Epoll Bug，它会导致 Selector 空轮询，最终导致 CPU 100%。直到 JDK 1.7 版本该问题仍旧存在，没有被根本解决。
Netty概述
Netty是 一个异步事件驱动的网络应用程序框架，用于快速开发可维护的高性能协议服务器和客户端。

https://netty.io/

Netty官网说明
Netty 是由JBOSS提供的一个Java开源框架。Netty 提供异步的、基于事件驱动的网络应用程序框架，用以快速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络IO程序。
Nett ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover left_radius"><a href="/19610.html" title="NIO与零拷贝">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200708172722.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="NIO与零拷贝"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/19610.html" title="NIO与零拷贝">NIO与零拷贝</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-08T01:10:44.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-08 09:10:44">2020-11-08</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Java/">Java</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Java/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/">网络编程</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Java/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/NIO/">NIO</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/19610.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/19610.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">零拷贝基本介绍 零拷贝是网络编程的关键，很多性能优化都离不开。
所谓零拷贝不是不拷贝，而是没有CPU拷贝。
在 Java 程序中，常用的零拷贝有mmap(内存映射)和sendFile。那么，他们在 OS 里，到底是怎么样的一个的设计?我们分析 mmap 和 sendFile 这两个零拷贝
Java 传统 IO 和 网络编程的一段代码

传统 IO 模型
DMA: direct memory access 直接内存拷贝(不使用 CPU)
传统IO经过了4次拷贝，4次切换。
mmap优化mmap 通过内存映射，将文件映射到内核缓冲区，同时，用户空间可以共享内核空间的数据。这样，在进行网络传输时，就可以减少内核空间到用户空间的拷贝次数。如下图

mmap优化后3次拷贝，4次切换。
sendFile优化Linux 2.1 版本 提供了sendFile函数，其基本原理如下:数据根本不经过用户态，直接从内核缓冲区进入到Socket Buffer，同时，由于和用户态完全无关，就减少了一次上下文切换

此时的拷贝次数为3.切换次数为3。但是还是存在cpy拷贝。
Linux 在 2.4 版本中，做了一些 ...</div></div></div><div class="recent-post-item"><div class="post_cover right_radius"><a href="/41853.html" title="Java之NIO编程">     <img class="post_bg" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/img/deepin-3.png" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="Java之NIO编程"></a></div><div class="recent-post-info"><a class="article-title" href="/41853.html" title="Java之NIO编程">Java之NIO编程</a><div class="article-meta-wrap"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i><span class="article-meta-label">发表于</span><time datetime="2020-11-01T08:27:54.000Z" title="发表于 2020-11-01 16:27:54">2020-11-01</time></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Java/">Java</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Java/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/">网络编程</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i><a class="article-meta__categories" href="/categories/Java/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/NIO/">NIO</a></span><span class="article-meta"><span class="article-meta__separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-comments"></i><a href="/41853.html#post-comment" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="valine-comment-count" data-xid="/41853.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span></a><span class="article-meta-label"> 条评论</span></span></div><div class="content">Java NIO 简介Java NIO(New IO)是从Java 1.4版本开始引入的 一个新的IO API，可以替代标准的Java IO API。 NIO与原来的IO有同样的作用和目的，但是使用 的方式完全不同，NIO支持面向缓冲区的、基于 通道的IO操作。NIO将以更加高效的方式进行文件的读写操作。




IO
NIO



面向流(Stream Oriented)
面向缓冲区(Buffer Orientend)


阻塞IO(Blocking IO)
非阻塞IO(Non Blocking IO)


无
选择器(Selectors)


NIO主要有三大核心部分：Channel(通道)，Buffer(缓冲区), Selector。传统IO基于字节流和字符流进行操作，而NIO基于Channel和Buffer(缓冲区)进行操作，数据总是从通道读取到缓冲区中，或者从缓冲区写入到通道中。Selector(选择区)用于监听多个通道的事件（比如：连接打开，数据到达）。因此，单个线程可以监听多个数据通道。
NIO和传统IO（一下简称IO）之间第一个最大的区别是，IO是面向流的，NIO是面向 ...</div></div></div><nav id="pagination"><div class="pagination"><a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/page/7/#content-inner"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left fa-fw"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/">1</a><span class="space">&hellip;</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/7/#content-inner">7</a><span class="page-number current">8</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/9/#content-inner">9</a><span class="space">&hellip;</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/37/#content-inner">37</a><a class="extend next" rel="next" href="/page/9/#content-inner"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right fa-fw"></i></a></div></nav></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="card-widget card-info"><div class="card-info-avatar is-center"><img class="avatar-img" data-lazy-src="https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/img/20200807181526.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://qiniu.codekylin.cn/github/img/friend_404.gif'" alt="avatar"/><div 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